Heat Balance Equations
REFLUX HEAT Qr AQ'fz Qvogo Qlo , Btu hr. HEAT REMOVAL CAPABILITY OF REFLUX htgo ht'ODi , Btu lb. REQUIRED PUMPBACK R E F L U X - Qr q'R , Ib. hr Figure 3.10. Heat and material balance overflash liquid condensing section. 2. Calculate the heat removal capability of the reflux available to the tray. 3. Calculate the pumpback reflux required to absorb the reflux heat. 4. Calculate and tabulate the external heat quantities as Q' values at the grid outlet. 5. Calculate and tabulate the vapor and...
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Of temperature and hydrocarbon partial pressure existing in the flash zone. The principles of this analysis are discussed as follows. Flash zone pressure should be set at the minimum pos-sible level. This will maximize the crude vaporization or, if less than maximum vaporization is desired, will minimize the operating temperature level. The datum pressure in atmospheric tower design is the lowest permissible pressure in the towers' reflux accumulator. Since, in many cases, the tower overhead...
Heat Balance Equations Around D4 Grid
AS A CHECK, QC4-Q'C4 QVD4-1 QVI D4 - QO'4-Q VOHIJ Figure 3.13. Heat and material balance top sidestream product draw. tower overhead stream comprises the inerts. Convert the atmospheric dew point of D4 to this hydrocarbon partial pressure and check the assumed temperature. 2. The temperature of the liquid on Tray D4 is found by converting the atmospheric bubble point of the product liquid to the hydrocarbon partial pressure existing above Tray D4. 3. Calculate the duty of the cooler as Qc4 by...
Hydrocarbon Partial Pressure Above Tray
P'hc Ptdi Ldh-i Loh-1 V001 - D2 INDUCED REFLUX ON TRAY pl-l R 01 1 irst sidestream product draw tray Type R tower. reboiling, temperatures at the next draw tray upward and all those higher will be increased. If this is by steam stripping, however, these temperatures will be lowered due to the reduction of hydrocarbon partial pressures. Having estimated draw tray temperatures and having set the operating pressure profile in previous work, plot a temperature and pressure profile for the tower by...
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Lube type vacuum tower with pumpback reflux heat removal. Figure 3.1. Lube type vacuum tower with pumpback reflux heat removal. Figure 3.2. Lube type vacuum tower with pumparound reflux heat removal. Figure 3.2. Lube type vacuum tower with pumparound reflux heat removal. Figure 3.3. Fuels type vacuum tower. Figure 3.3. Fuels type vacuum tower. that all trays are true fractionating trays since all internal liquids provide equilibrium reflux whereas the liquids in the pumparound...
Table
Separation Criteria for Atmospheric Tower Products Light naphtha to heavy naphtha Heavy naphtha to light distillate Light distillate to heavy distillate Heavy distillate to atmospheric gas oil 20 to 30 25 to-t- 50 0 to 10 0 to 10 2. TBP cut point the whole crude TBP temperature corresponding to the TBP cut volume. 3. TBP overlap TBP end point of light fraction - TBP initial point of heavy fraction . This latter principle has been established by analysis of operating data which has shown that,...
Whole Crude Tbp Curve
Temperature relationships around the cut point between fractions. Figure 2.14. Temperature relationships around the cut point between fractions. heavy distillate and has an ASTM boiling range of approximately 350 to 675 degrees F . Marine diesel is a little heavier, having an ASTM end point in the range of 775 degrees F. Gas Oil-all distillates heavier than heavy distillate. Gas oil yielded from the atmospheric tower will have ASTM end points of approximately 800 degrees F. Vacuum...
Hydrocarbon Partial Pressure Above Tray D2
P'HC PTD21 LD2 1 L02 1 V002-D3 Figure 2.26. Heat and material balance quantities at second sidestream product draw tray Type A tower. Estimate of Reflux to Draw Trays at Minimum Refiux Conditions 1. By comparing the reflux available from a Type U operation with minimum reflux requirements for sections having pumparound systems, select the appropriate sections in the column for location of pumparound heat removal systems. Normally, two systems are employed, and they are seldom in adjacent...
Balance Calculations Type U Atmospheric Tower
The following calculations will illustrate in detail the procedure for calculating the heat and material balance quantities around a Type U atmospheric crude tower. The design will be based on fractionating dry crude feed into a residuum, four sidedraw distillates, and an overhead yielded as two products, one liquid and one vapor. A. Properties of 36.3 API Crude Oil Feed Rate - 50,000 barrels per stream day BPSD . 2 . Light Ends Analysis per 100 bbl. of Oil
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D1 Oc2 D2 qc3 03 qc4 FIG. 2-3d - TYPE R I PUMPBACK REFLUX Figure 2.3. Processing schemes for atmospheric distillation of crude oil. Basic Processes for Atmospheric Crude Distillation The distillation of crude petroleum into fractions having different properties is similar to many more familiar types of fractionation processes although, on the surface, this may not appear to be so. In order to avoid details which are of only secondary importance at this point and to get down to the basics of the...
Pump Around Packie Curves
Vapor and liquid traffic for Types U, R and A atmospheric towers. Figure 2.5. Vapor and liquid traffic for Types U, R and A atmospheric towers. A typical light hydrocarbon separation is that of fractionating between propane and n-butane. This problem requires that the designer provide a sufficiency of trays and reflux to satisfy the composition specifications. Satisfying the trays-reflux requirements depends upon the specified separation requirements of the process and the inherent...
